However, an issue may arise where maternal foetal conflicts begin to come about. Is the physician simply the provider of medical assistance? President's Bioethics essay on Bioethics PCB. When reality is present that babies can be genetically engineered to be smarter, better looking, more athletic, and happier the face of human evolution will have changed forever, bioethics essay. Utilitarian Bioethics Words 2 Pages. The issue of bioethics has become so prevalent it has also arisen in popular culture. Get original paper in 3 hours and nail the task.
“One person’s abnormality is another person’s life.”-Alice Dreger
We use cookies to enhance our website for you. Proceed if bioethics essay agree to bioethics essay policy or learn more about it. Type of paper: Essay. Topic: GovernmentSexual AbuseMedicinebioethics essay, NursingPatientAutonomyDoctorWellness. The opposition by many ethicists towards the principle of medical paternalism is severely faulty. When analyzed keenly, such an approach is not beneficial at all. Alternatively, the bioethics essay approach should be to regulate medical paternalism in a way that gives the patients autonomy at certain times and denies them the autonomy when it is necessary. It bioethics essay crucial that patients are asked to consent or refuse to the medications that doctors administer to them, bioethics essay.
However, bioethics essay are some situations whereby giving patients the opportunity or chance to give consent has no foreseeable positive outcomes. At times, the patients are too ill to the extent that bioethics essay cannot make informed decisions. Such times necessitate that doctors make decisions without the consent of the patients. Paternalism used to be considered as the best approach to handle patients, bioethics essay. However, this approach is old-fashioned and outdated. Under such an approach, doctors and other physicians developed a parent-child relationship with their clients.
Whenever they thought it bioethics essay, the doctors hid the truth from bioethics essay patients in cases where they thought this would be in the best interests of the patient. Apart from this, the physicians had the autonomy of dictating the type of treatment that patients would be subjected to without the patients playing any role. In a way, this approach was based on the fact that the doctor was the expert in the field and consequently. whatever they decided was unquestionably final. Whichever medicine they prescribed, the patients had to take it without any question or opinion. The 20th century brought about a different relationship between the patient and the doctor.
In this approach, the doctors freely shared their knowledge with the patients and informed them bioethics essay the reasons as to why certain decisions have to be made. This is where the doctors played the role of an educator in guiding patients how to make relevant and necessary decisions about the illnesses they were facing. It was essentially geared towards promoting the autonomy of the patients in making decisions. Any administration of drugs by doctors was based on some form of consent from the patient. This seems to be the best approach as the rights of patients to make personal decisions are promoted.
In medicine, it would be a big risk to give the patients full autonomy to dictate what should be done to them Thomasma Illness and diseases play a role in impairing the autonomy as well as the ability to make informed or conscious decisions. From the perspective of medical ethics, the major concern is on the well-being of the patients, rather than the autonomy of the patients to make personal decisions. It would be against the medical values and the principles of doctors to base their actions on the consent of the patient even when it is clear that such patients are incapacitated from making sound decisions, bioethics essay.
Bioethics essay is through utilitarian reasoning that the well-being of individuals in the society is facilitated. From the moral point of view, paternalism is not wrong. What is considered to be morally wrong is taking an approach where a doctor may decide to maximize the welfare of the patient at the expense of their autonomy ignoring their instincts and not giving them a chance to contribute to decision-making when they have the capacity to do so, bioethics essay. Many opponents of medical paternalism argue that every person is responsible for their happiness and bioethics essay of this, they are the best judges to their bodies Thomasma However, there is a big risk in allowing persons to live according to their wishes, simply to attain happiness.
For the collective well-being of the society and humanity in general, it is essential bioethics essay such autonomy is limited. The ethicists seem to base their arguments on actions rather than the results attained. Situations arise where patients are in difficult conditions to make judgments, bioethics essay, requiring the doctors to make decisions and opinions based on their personal judgment. Personal autonomy contradicts with the provisions of medical paternalism, both of which play a significant role in defining a bioethics essay. There is a limit to which autonomy has to be sacrificed for the well-being of the individual, even without their consent. In cardiac care units, for instance, it is a common practice that patients will be asked to make decisions as to what should be done to them.
Important to note is the fact that at this time, patients are at their worst situations; frightened and sick. This bioethics essay mean that they may not be thinking normally as they would if they were in a stable situation. In such bioethics essay, the patients could end up making bad and unintended decisions that they would not have made if they were bioethics essay a stable situation. A good example where medical paternalism supersedes personal autonomy is in patients who are under a Do Not Resuscitate order. There are times when patients are under this order, and the doctors bioethics essay of the opinion that the present problem is transient.
What happens if the doctor thinks that the patient can recover? Do they go ahead and override the Do Not Resuscitate order? The order means that the patient has given their consent that no further efforts should be done by the doctors in an attempt to save their lives. From a moral perspective, bioethics essay, it would be unethical for the doctor to follow the order and leaving them to die because of the consent they had given earlier. In such circumstances, medical paternalism overrides personal autonomy. For instance, it is a fact that the manner that a physician presents options to the patient may influence the perceptions that one may develop. It is unlikely that ethicists would give in to the demands of a patient who is against a treatment that is life-saving simply because he has autonomy and should decide bioethics essay happens to their body.
There is a dangerous balance of beneficence and patient autonomy, bioethics essay. Doctors are encouraged not to harm bioethics essay. However, what should happen in case the patients want to harm themselves? Should doctors step aside and watch because they have to wait for the consent of the patients? The most important thing is that patients have to be guided although they have autonomy. This is the only way to balance between the two. Thomasma, David C. We accept sample papers from students via the submission form. If this essay belongs to you and you no longer want us to display it, you can put a claim on it and we will remove it, bioethics essay. Just fill out the removal request form with all necessary details, such as page location and some verification of you being a true owner.
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Premium samples database Get access bioethics essay over 1 MILLION samples with WowEssays Premium! LEARN MORE. Introduction The opposition by many ethicists towards the principle of medical paternalism is severely faulty. Works Cited Thomasma, David C. Cite this page Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Vancouver Chicago ASA IEEE AMA, bioethics essay. Accessed 07 January Bioethics Essays Example, bioethics essay. March Accessed January 07, Retrieved January 07, com, Mar Free Essay Examples - WowEssays, bioethics essay.
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Genetic revolution allows researcher to identify and map out the exact location genes or chromosomes, this gives the researchers tools to trace the disease gene and identify its potential cure. Gene insertion or therapy may be used to supplement and enhance individual cells or gametes to engineer and manufacture DNA. The major concerns on genetic enhancement are twofold; the question of unfair advantage that is enjoyed by enhanced persons and that of undermining social equality. These concerns are based on the modification of functions that would otherwise be considered normal. Interventions that might be intended to alleviate deficiencies or reduce the risk to disease could end up being enhancement efforts.
In a deliberate effort to regulate genetic enhancement technology, it is essential to clarify when genetic manipulation is considered enhancement from when enhancement is genetic. This will regulate the safety, risk and benefits of genetic enhancement. Technological imperative gives humans the upper hand in correcting deformities and other issues that may arise from the development of the human life form. There have been massive gains in biotechnology, with particular focus on the improvement of human life span and health. Technology has given humans the power to actualise dreams of a blemish free life.
On the other hand it has elicited concerns over too much power in the hands of man that could alter the process of human evolution, eventually changing the destiny of the human race. These concerns have been heightened by concerns that science is unanimously controlled by the technological imperative. Xenotransplantation is the process of transferring organs, tissue and animal cells into human beings. In this age of human organ shortages, xenotransplantation, stem cell technology and human cloning are technological imperatives in a society that has no clear agreements on the modalities of consent.
Ethics has taken a back seat in a period where science is seen to have solutions to human problems. With cloning and other forms of xenotransplantation in place, there is a feeling that science will implement anything as long as it can be done without regarding the survival of the human species; that the possible is not inevitable. Pluralistic societies observe that the principle of autonomy should apply where actions can be justified and intentions accounted for. Technological imperative gives scientists the incentive to continue researching further into biotechnology. The intention for such development remains a point of concern, as a lay person may not understand the reason for research into fields like cloning, seeing no particular threat to human existence.
Laws have been formed to guide the potential application of the results of such research. This is guided by the principle that closely observing the direction in which these advancements in biotechnology are headed is better than reacting to the effects after a move has been made. Case in point is the reaction of the public towards Dolly, the cloned sheep. This prompts biotechnologists to give more credence to ethical issues and educate the public on the ramifications of these processes. It is upon scientists to inform and educate the public on scientific procedures and results of research to avoid unfair judgement. Technological imperative has made it possible to try and correct or mitigate the effects of severe abnormalities in infants.
This offers them a chance at normal growth and development. Surgeons are, however, constantly faced with a decision whether to operate on new born infants when the parents do not consent to surgery. A dilemma arises where the surgeon or a medical practitioner is divided between the rights and responsibilities of the parent and state child neglect laws. A child with severe deformation requires urgent medical intervention, but these procedures have to be sanctioned by the legal guardian. It is important to note that there has been a shift from all emphasis being placed on the medical outcome of treatment decisions towards legal, economic and ethical issues. The society has become more involved in decisions regarding biotechnological procedures.
Science has proven that the life of a child with severe abnormalities can be prolonged, even though the infant may not heal completely. This will however imply that the family of the child will have to deal with the condition of the child throughout its life, as is the case with the infant. The public reserves the right to refuse treatment. This shows a consensus by the public that life cannot be sustained by artificial means in case of a terminal condition. The dignity of the terminally ill individuals is defended by law, thus physicians cannot use technology on a patient just because it is available.
Patients or their guardians have to view an offer made by a doctor and choose between alternative methods of treatment. Dreger, A. Intersex in the age of ethics. Hagerstown, Md. Eike-Henner, W. Ethical and legal challenges for health telematics in a global world: Telehealth and the technological imperative. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 80 2. Allen W. Wood,: Kantian Ethics. Ethics, 4 , Sandel, M. The case against perfection: ethics in the age of genetic engineering. Cambridge, Mass. We accept sample papers from students via the submission form. If this essay belongs to you and you no longer want us to display it, you can put a claim on it and we will remove it. Just fill out the removal request form with all necessary details, such as page location and some verification of you being a true owner.
Please note that we cannot guarantee that unsubstantiated claims will be satisfied. Note: this sample is kindly provided by a student like you, use it only as a guidance. ID Subscribe to WowEssays Premium and get access to over 1 MILLION high-quality downloadable samples. GET ACCESS NOW. Password recovery email has been sent to email email. HIRE WRITER PREMIUM DATABASE Sign in. HIRE WRITER PREMIUM DATABASE. Type of Paper. Essay Topics. Educational Tools. Who We Are Contact Us Our Writers Honor Code WowEssays Reviews Blog Our Services. ORDER PAPER LIKE THIS. Premium samples database Get access to over 1 MILLION samples with WowEssays Premium! LEARN MORE. Autonomy versus Beneficence in Issues of Refusal of Treatment and Maternal Conflict The principle of autonomy gives people the freedom to reproduce without assessing their level of risk to bear or competence to rear children especially with the consent of, or in consultation with their partner.
The Kantian point of view Kantian ethics are founded on the principle of morality. The slippery slope argument The Principle of Autonomy or self-determination is at the core of the debate to legalize euthanasia. Technological imperative Technological imperative gives humans the upper hand in correcting deformities and other issues that may arise from the development of the human life form. Work Cited Dreger, A. Immanuel Kant. Criminal Justice. Cite this page Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Vancouver Chicago ASA IEEE AMA. Accessed 07 January Free Bioethics Essay Sample.
March Accessed January 07, Retrieved January 07, com, Mar Free Essay Examples - WowEssays. Published Mar 31, Share with friends using:. Removal Request. REQUEST THE REMOVAL. Finished papers: This paper is created by writer with ID If you want your paper to be: Well-researched, fact-checked, and accurate Original, fresh, based on current data Eloquently written and immaculately formatted. Hire this Writer. Calculate Price And Order An Essay. Academic level High school College University PhD. Deadline 3 hours 6 hours 12 hours 24 hours 2 days 3 days 7 days 14 days 20 days. order now.
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Popular Topics in A Rose For Emily Abortion Animal Rights Animal Testing Artificial Intelligence Beowulf Black Lives Matter Body Language Bullying Catcher In The Rye Child Abuse Civil War Cognitive Psychology Conspiracy Theory COVID Death Penalty Depression Domestic Violence Euthanasia Gender Roles Global Warming Gun Control Hamlet Holocaust Immigration Inclusive Education Isolation Lord Of The Flies Macbeth Marijuana Minimum Wage Obesity Of Mice And Men Online Identity Organizational Behavior Othello Pandemic Police Brutality Racism Romeo And Juliet Social Issues Sustainability The Great Gatsby The Truman Show The Yellow Wallpaper To Kill A Mockingbird Vietnam War World War 2. Custom Writing. There are many complex issues regarding confidentiality and the right to privacy in the modern health care system.
Confidentiality is important because it builds trust between patients and physicians; without trust, the practice of medicine would not be possible. A person should have a right to privacy and has the power to control who may have access and use of their personal information. In this case study, the physician is faced with making an ethical decision between protecting patient confidentiality and the duty to warn. Since she has not been told otherwise, she will automatically assume that her brother does not have HIV, and therefore she believes she is not at risk while caring for his gunshot wounds.
By not telling Consuela, she is being lied to and deceived, which is not ethical by any means. Carlos is being very selfish by not wanting to tell his sister, who is generously willing to take care of him because he is willing to put her in danger just to hide his homosexual lifestyle from her and his father. Furthermore, Consuela is doing the health care system service by taking care of her brother free of charge so they do not have to pay someone else to provide a service that they would have alternatively been held liable. Consequently, the health care system and the physician, in my opinion, are obligated to breach confidentiality and inform her of the risks involved with caring for an HIV-positive patient.
However, Confidentiality between physician and patient no longer applies when there is any risk to another person besides the patient. For example, in instances where they are intended on harming another person; could spread serious communicable diseases, or if the patient is an obvious victim of assault, or has gunshot wounds due to another person. In these cases, they no longer involve one person they involve the people the patient will affect, either by coming in contact with them or others harming the patient. The physician then has a duty to let others know for their protection and to keep them from serious harm under these circumstances.
Consuela definitely has the right to this information whether she is at risk or not. Conclusively, I think the physician should make Carlos choose between: Carlos can agree to allow Consuela to be his nurse, however, he would be required to inform her of his HIV-positive status; or request the doctor to inform her.
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